Goa, the most popular travel destinations in India exhibits an interesting amalgamation of Indian and Portuguese cultures. However, Goa is known for its stunning beaches, scrumptious seafood, electrifying nightlife, spirituality, water sports, and a lot more, but one of the prime attractions here are the illuminating forts that tells the story of the previous era. The revolt of Marathas against Portuguese and the episodes when the later conquered the area and developed it according to their culture and beliefs. These beautiful forts in Goa are not only loved by history-lovers but also attracts nature-lovers with their astounding infrastructure and panoramic sights. Read more to know the most interesting forts in Goa that will make you fall in love with their ambiance.
16 Best Forts In Goa
Check out the best forts in Goa unveiling the hidden stories of this lively place. These forts offer an amazing view and also give a glimpse of the history of these forts.
- Chapora Fort
- Reis Magos Fort
- Corjuem Fort
- Terekhol Fort
- Aguada Fort
- Sinquerim Fort
- Nanuz Fort
- Cabo de Rama Fort
- Ponda Fort
- Betul Fort
- St. Estêvão Fort
- Alorna Fort
- Colvale Fort
- Rachol Fort
- Mormugao Fort
- Anjediva Fort
1. Chapora Fort
Chapora Fort is the most popular fort in North Goa that lures visitors with its stunning sunset and sunrise views. The steepy slopes on all sides of this fort makes you capture the panoramic vistas of Malabar region having sea along its side.
Facts About Chapora Fort:
- The fort was established in the year 1510 by Adil Shah of Bijapur.
- The fort is located at a mesmerizing location where Chapora River meets Arabian Sea.
- The fort was occupied by the Portuguese in the year 1717.
Location: Chapora Fort, North Goa
Timings: 10:00 AM – 5:30 PM
Must Read: 43 Famous Beaches In Goa That Will Make Your Vacay A Happy Trip
2. Reis Magos Fort
Reis Magos Fort is amongst the oldest forts in Goa and exhibits panoramic views from all sides. The astounding ambiance of this place makes it one of the most loved forts in Goa. Currently, the fort has been restored and maintained by the cultural and heritage center in Goa.
Facts About Reis Magos Fort:
- The fort was established in the year 1551.
- It is located on the bank of River Mandovi in Goa.
- The fort overlooks the entire capital city, Panjim.
- The place is located in proximity to Verem Bazaar.
Location: Verem, Bardez, North Go
Timings: 9:30 AM – 5:00 PM
Suggested Read: 29 Most Romantic Places In Goa For Couples To Have A Lovely Time
3. Corjuem Fort
Corjuem Fort was established in the year 1705 in Goa. The fort is known for offering splendid sights of the surrounding area. It is one of the two prominent inland forts of Goa and lures travelers with its exquisite experiences.
Facts About Corjuem Fort:
- The fort was established in the year 1705.
- It served as the Military Fortress for Portuguese army.
- The fort is quite popular due to its unique location.
Location: Aldona, Corjuem, North Goa
Timings: 24×7
Suggested Read: 3 Days In Goa: A Guide To Help You Plan Your Getaway Better
4. Terekhol Fort
Another beautiful fort located in Goa is the Terekhol Fort that is also known as Tiracol Fort. Located at the mouth of River Tiracol, the place is known for its picturesque beauty. If you are planning to visit this gorgeous place while vacationing in Goa then you can take a ferry from Querim to this place.
Facts About Terekhol Fort:
- The fort was built in the 17th century by Maharaja Khem Sawant Bhonsle.
- It was later taken over by the Portuguese.
- The fort served as the base for freedom fighters in the year 1961.
Location: Tiracol, North Goa
Timings: 24×7
Suggested Read: 12 Affordable Things To Do In Goa With Kids For Your Family Adventure
5. Aguada Fort
Aguada Fort is one of the most interesting forts in Goa and is loved by the travelers for its well-preserved structure. As the fort is overlooking the arabian Sea, you can capture the beautiful views in your camera. The place is usually visited in late afternoons as the sights of sunsets from the Aguada Fort is unmatchable.
Facts About Aguada Fort:
- This epitome of Portuguese architecture was established in the 17th century.
- The fort is located at Sinquerim Beach, nearly 18 kilometers from Panjim.
- The fort is known for purveying breathtaking views of the confluence of River Mandovi and the Arabian Sea.
Location: Aguada Fort Road, Candolim, North Goa
Timings: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM
Suggested Read: 28 Watersports In Goa That You Must Add to Your Bucket List For A Fun Vacay!
6. Sinquerim Fort
Sinquerim Fort is located at a distance of 18 kilometers from the capital city. It is believed to be the lower extension of Aguada Fort and is one of the must-visit places in Goa. This beautiful fort divides the Sinquerim Beach into two and the stunning views of the Arabian Sea will surely spellbind you with its impeccable beauty.
Facts About Sinquerim Fort:
- It was established in the year 1612.
- It is the lower extension of Aguada Fort
Location: Candolim, North Goa
Timings: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM
Suggested Read: 12 Delhi To Goa Trains: Best Rail Journeys Along The Konkan Coast
7. Nanuz Fort
One of the most interesting forts in Goa that lure peace-seeker with its serenity is Nanuz Fort. The fort played a significant role during the revolts in Goa and has witnessed the fall and the rise of the city. The place is home to a vibrant flora and its aromatic surrounding entices the visitors.
Facts About Nanuz Fort:
- The Nanuz Fort was established in the 17th century.
- It was commissioned by the most popular Maratha ruler Shivaji.
- The fort played a significant role in the revolts of Goa.
Location: Sattari, North Goa
Timings: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM
8. Cabo de Rama Fort
Image Credit: Aleksandr Zykov for Wikipedia
One of the most beautiful and famous forts in Goa, this is a perfect place for the people who love to explore abandoned places and ruins. Spread across an area of 1,80,000 sq metres, Cabo De Rama is one of the oldest and largest forts in the state. The place is named after Lord Rama and according to the legends, it is believed that he spent his exile years here with his wife and brother. Standing here one can enjoy the wilderness of the fort and also the magnificent view of the Arabian Sea.
Facts About Cabo De Rama Fort:
- This fort is named after Lord Rama
- Oldest fort in Goa
Location: Taluka Cabo de Rama, Canacona
Timings: 9AM-5:30PM
9. Ponda Fort
Image Credit: Maheshkumarkkk666 for Wikipedia
This iconic fort is one of the must-visit forts in North Goa which is named after the famous Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. He captured this fort in the year of 1665 and in the present day there is a life-size statue at the entrance of the fort. The fort also has a garden and makes a great picnic spot for the families to enjoy a family day.
Facts About Ponda Fort:
- Named after Chatrapati Shivaji
- Famous picnic spot in North Goa
Location: Donshiwado, Bandoda, Goa 403401
Timings: 10AM-6PM
10. Betul Fort
Considered to be one of the best forts in South Goa, this place in ruins is one of the famous places to visit. Located in the Betul Village, this fort was built in 1679 and offers a beautiful view of River Sal which meets the Arabian Sea. The fort gives a vibe of the abandoned archaeological site, this is quite a serene place to enjoy the wilderness.
Facts About Betul Fort:
- This is the point where the Sal River and the Arabian Sea meets
Location: Quitol, Goa
11. St. Estêvão Fort
This fort is built over the confluence of three rivers which was once the strategic hold for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Resting on the beautiful island of St Estevam, this fort in ruins is surrounded by the lush greenery. Built around the 19th century, this place is in the abandoned condition and visited by many visitors after the village was connected with other parts of Goa.
Facts About St Estevao Fort:
- This was built in the 19th century
- Connects the village with other parts of Goa
Location: North Goa
12. Alorna Fort
This is one of the historic gems of North Goa which is worn out but still holds its charm. Built over the banks of River Chapora, this fort was built by the Bhonsle’s of Sawantwadi for defense against Maratha Attacks. Walking up to the fort one can enjoy the beautiful view of the river and the vastness.
Facts About Alorna Fort:
- This fort was built for protection from Maratha attacks
Location: Alorna, Goa 403512
Timings: 8AM-6PM
13. Colvale Fort
This historic fort was built during the year 1681 and now stands as one of the ruins in Goa. Yet, it is considered to be a beautiful place to visit. This is an ideal place for the history buffs to enjoy the beautiful sight of the surroundings and the ruins.
Facts About Colvale Fort:
- This fort was built in 1681
Location: Tivim, Goa 403502
14. Rachol Fort
This beautiful fort came into the limelight after the collapse of the Kadamba dynasty in Goa after its battle between Vijayanagar and Bijapur empires. The gateway of this fort has seen many events and still stands tall and attracts many visitors. Surrounded by the scenic beauty, this fort is as beautiful as other forts in South Goa.
Facts About Rachol Fort:
- This fort was built after the defeat of Kadamba dynasty
Location: Fr. Agnelo Rd, Rachol, Goa 403719
Timings: 24 Hours
15. Mormugao Fort
This is an ideal place to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city to explore this beautiful and heritage fort. Surrounded by the beautiful view and greenery and also the mesmerizing view of the restless sea. This is a centuries-old fort which is also considered as one of the foremost coastal forts located in South Goa. It was actually built to guard the mouth of the harbor of Mormugao port.
Facts About Mormugao Fort:
- This is a century-old fort of Goa
Location: Mormugao, South Goa
16. Anjediva Fort
Image Credit: Manjunath Doddamani Gajendragad for Wiki
This was built around when the Portuguese ruled Goa, and it was made to guard the land against invaders. In the present day, this fort is renovated and located at a distance of 87 km from South Goa on the nearby coast of Karnataka. Resting in an isolated island, this fort reflects a symbol of grandeur and magnificence and attracts many visitors throughout the year.
Facts About Anjevida Fort:
- This fort was built during the Portuguese rule
Location: NA
Timings: NA
Further Read: Enjoy A Great New Year In Goa On A Budget
Isn’t it interesting to unveil the other side of Goa that is rarely known by party-lovers staying here? Witness the story of this beautiful place by planning a visit to the above-mentioned forts in Goa showcasing a mixed culture and architecture of Portuguese and local Maratha rulers. Plan a trip to Goa with TravelTriangle and get an exclusively customized itinerary drafted according to your preferences.
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FAQs
How many forts are there in Goa? ›
Goa Forts. Aguada Fort, Chapora Fort, Reis Magos Fort, Corjuem Fort, Sinquerim Fort, Cabo de Rama Fort, Ponda Fort, Betul Fort, St. Estêvão Fort, Alorna Fort, Colvale Fort, Rachol Fort Gate, Terekhol Fort, Nanuz Fort, Mormugao Fort, Anjediva Fort and many more.
What is the story of Aguada Fort? ›Aguada Fort was built to guard and defend the Portuguese stronghold in Goa against the Maratha and Dutch invaders. Owing to its location at the confluence of the Arabian Sea and the Mandovi River, it became the most prized fortress for the Portuguese back in the seventeenth century.
What is the most famous fort in Goa? ›1. Fort Aguada, Goa. With the waves of the Arabian Sea caressing its lofty walls, Fort Aguada is one of the most iconic forts in Goa. Built several centuries back in 1612, the strategically located fort was the most prized structure for the Portuguese rulers.
Which fort was used in Dil Chahta Hai? ›“It may sound funny but when tourists come down to Goa they'd ask for the Dil Chahta Hai fort. And I am like, 'what? ' Then we explain that the film was shot at Chapora Fort.
What is the biggest fort in history? ›Ranikot Fort is also known as The Great Wall of Sindh and is believed to be the world's largest fort, with a circumference of approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi). The fort's ramparts have been compared to the Great Wall of China.
Which is the 2 largest fort in India? ›| Chittor Fort | |
|---|---|
| A view of Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India | |
| Chittor Fort Show map of India Show map of Rajasthan Show all | |
| Coordinates | 24.8863°N 74.647°E |
| Site history | |
Aguada in Portuguese means water therefore the name of the fort. Sinquerim Fort which is built just down the trail is an extension of Aguada Fort. It divides the beach into two equal sections as well.
Who built Fort Aguada? ›Aguada Fort was built by Portuguese between 1609 and 1612. Most part of the fort has now been ruined but still people come to visit this fort. The fort was built in order to get protection from the invasion of Dutch and Marathas.
Why is Chapora Fort famous? ›This ancient laterite fort on the Chapora river, although long since abandoned from a military standpoint, is nevertheless majestic and an enduring historical monument. Known for its spectacular views and sunset vistas, this is a popular spot for tourists to visit especially in the evenings.
Which is the No 1 place in Goa? ›1. Baga. Undoubtedly, the most famous and happening beach in Goa, Baga is known for its pulsating beach parties, exciting nightlife and delicious seafood. It is the perfect place to indulge in water sports and enjoy a sunbath during the day and dance to foot-tapping music at night, all in the company of a lively crowd.
Which fort is better in Goa? ›
- Aguada Fort.
- Corjuem Fort.
- Cabo de Rama Fort.
- Rachol Fort.
- Colvale Fort.
- Chapora Fort.
- Reis Magos Fort.
- Terekhol Fort.
Porvorim. Situated on the banks of the Mandovi river, Porvorim is considered Goa's upmarket residential hub as it lies on the Mumbai–Goa highway NH66.
Where did they shoot Dil Chahta Hai in Goa? ›The famous Chapora Fort, in North Goa, was one of the venues for the filming of Dil Chahta Hai, the 2001 hit, directed by Farhan Akhtar.
Was Dil Chahta Hai a hit? ›The film performed moderately at the box office, grossing ₹397.2 million (US$5.0 million) after its theatrical run ended. It proved to be a major commercial success in metropolitan areas, but failed in rural areas; its failure in rural areas was attributed to the upper-class, city-oriented lifestyle it presented.
On which fort in Goa was the iconic scene of Dil Chahta Hai shot? ›Dil Chahta Hai
The road trip to Goa in this film gave new friendship goals to youth and Chapora Fort of Goa never appeared so beautiful earlier.
1. Murud-Janjira – Murud, Maharashtra, India. The Murud-Janjira is a massive island fortress located off the coast of India. The fort is completely surrounded by 40' high walls and 19 rounded bastions.
Which is the oldest fort in India? ›Qila Mubarak, is a historical monument in the heart of the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India. It is recognized as monument of national importance and maintained by Archaeological Survey of India. It has been in existence from 1100 to 1200 AD in its current place and is the oldest surviving fort in India.
Which is the strongest fort in India? ›Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan - The Golden City
One of the largest forts in India and in the world, with the strongest fortifications, the Jaisalmer Fort stands proudly on the Trikuta Hill in the Thar Desert, and has witnessed innumerable battles of every possible magnitude and has seen quite some bloodshed in its time.
Agra Fort, Agra
Agra is one of the most famous tourist destinations in India for a wonderful reason- Taj Mahal. Yet another reason to visit this city is for the majestic Agra Fort. Four generations of Mughals ruled India from Agra and lived in this beautiful and grand fort.
One of the finest architecture in Rajasthan, the Lohagarh fort or Iron Fort derives its name from the fact that it is one of the strongest castle ever made in history and could never be conquered, not even during the British rule.
Which is the smallest fort in India? ›
The Madan Mahal Fort is a small fort located within the city of Jabalpur atop a small hill.
Is North Goa better or South Goa? ›If you are looking to soak in that typical hippie vibe or enjoy paragliding, parasailing, scuba diving or kayaking, North Goa is just what you need. For those who prize seclusion and scenic beauty over everything else, South Goa is perfect.
Which is the smallest fort in Goa? ›Tiracol Fort
Goa finally became a part of India in 1961. Fort Tiracol sits at the confluence of the Terekhol River at the border of Goa and Maharashtra. It is the smallest and the best-preserved Goa fort because it has been converted to a heritage 3-star hotel.
Mormugao Fort
This is a centuries-old fort which is also considered as one of the foremost coastal forts located in South Goa. It was actually built to guard the mouth of the harbor of Mormugao port. Facts About Mormugao Fort: This is a century-old fort of Goa.
History. In September 1503, the chief of Kochi granted permission to Afonso de Albuquerque to build Fort Emmanuel near the waterfront of the Arabian Sea.
Who was the king of the Fort Aguada? ›It was during the reign of the Catholic King Dom Filippe of Portugal that the construction of Fort Aguada began in Goa. On site, its construction was monitored by Viceroy Ruy Tavara. The Portuguese employed Italian military architects to build an impenetrable fort in their own indigenous style.
Who built Reis Magos fort? ›The first incarnation of this fort was a military outpost, built in 1493 by the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur.
Who built Corjuem fort? ›This fort built in 1705, by the Portuguese, as a defense against Maratha aggression, and was subsequently rebuilt and reinforced by them to boost up defenses along Panjim.
What is the history of Vagator? ›Vagator is derived from two different words, 'Vaga' which means tiger and 'tor' which means shore. Due to the close proximity between thickly forested Vagator hills and Sahyadri ranges, many tigers used to visit here in search of sweet water and that is how this place in Goa was eventually named as Vagator.
Who ruled Chapora Fort? ›The site was the location of a fort built by Muslim ruler Adil Shah called Shahpura, whose name the Portuguese altered to Chapora. It is now become a popular tourist spot and offers a view north across the Chapora river to Pernem, south over Vagator and also far out to the Arabian Sea in the West.
Which is the safest place in Goa? ›
Baga, popular for Baga beach is a town in Bardez, Goa. It's the center of most action in Goa. Baga beach is lined by numerous shacks and offers various adventure water sports that one can indulge in. It's one of the safest places in Goa, even when you wish to roam on the beach post midnight!
Why is Goa so famous? ›Goa is famous for adventure water sports, Goa offers the best water sports and other adventures sports such as scuba diving, paragliding, parasailing, banana boat riding and snorkelling. 5) MOUTHWATERING FOODS AT BEACH SHACKS: Most of Goa's beaches are outlined with shacks most of the year.
What makes Goa famous? ›Goa is famous for its flea markets, where you can find a range of items at affordable prices. Anjuna is one market where you can purchase items like clothes, spices, jewellery, handcrafted art pieces, etc. Apart from Anjuna, there are Arpora Night Market, Mapusa Friday Market, Calangute Market, and others.
What are the top 3 cities in Goa? ›Goa's major cities include Vasco da Gama, Margao, Panaji, Mapusa and Ponda.
Which Goa is peaceful? ›If you want scenic beauty and tranquillity, South Goa is the place to be. South Goa is home to the best secluded, rustic and pristine beaches that offer serene environs, relaxation and natural beauty. A few popular ones are Palolem beach, Colva beach, Butterfly beach and Benaulim beach.
Which place is peaceful in Goa? ›Cola Beach
This amongst one of the hidden places that Goa has to offer. If you are looking for some peaceful and calm time, away from the hustle and bustle of the city life, then Cola beach can definitely be your choice.
The place is visited by a number of celebrities during their stay at the Taj Fort Aguada Resort. Perched on a cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea, Olive Bar & Kitchen tops the list of every celebrity that plans his/her vacation in Goa.
Where do rich people live in Goa? ›Dona Paula is one of the most popular tourist destinations of Goa, Lacitadel Colony is one of the posh localities at Dona Paula where High Profile people (Industrialists, Politicians and Doctors) have their homes. It can be conveniently considered as Gold mines of city. Dona Paula is becoming one the posh best place.
Is Goa India rich or poor? ›It is India's smallest state by area and fourth-smallest by population. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times as high as the GDP per capita of the country as a whole.
Which movies shot at Chapora Fort? ›Dil Chahta Hain (2001)
A sequence in this movie was shot at Chapora Fort which made the fort so famous that since the movie, it is also marked as the Dil Chahta Hain fort.
Where are most Vietnam movies filmed? ›
Ha Long Bay:
Ha Long Bay is the most famous filming location in Vietnam because of its presence in many famous movies: Indochine (1992), Pan (2015), Kong: Skull Island (2017)… Ha Long Bay is located in the Gulf of Tonkin of Vietnam.
Filming began in June 1996. It was the first Bollywood film to be shot in Baden-Baden and Europa Park, both German tourist attractions. It was made on a budget of ₹90 million.
Which is the first 3D movie in India? ›My Dear Kuttichathan ( transl. My dear little goblin) is a 1984 Indian Malayalam-language fantasy film directed by Jijo Punnoose and produced by his father Navodaya Appachan under Navodaya Studio. It was the first Indian film to be filmed in 3D format.
Which hotel was Dil Chahta Hai shot in? ›Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews as part of our industry-leading trust & safety standards. Read our transparency report to learn more. Chapora Fort has an amazing 270 degrees view of Vagator beach, Morjim beach and Chapora River. Famously known for the shooting of the movie Dil Chatha hain done here.
Was Ta Ra Rum Pum a hit? ›Q: Is Ta Ra Rum Pum Flop or Hit? A: The performance of Ta Ra Rum Pum was Flop.
Is Chapora Fort and Aguada Fort the same? ›Chapora Fort was one of the most prominent forts of North Goa during it's prime years. However, the coastline and river fronts of Goa are dotted with other forts as well. Fort Aguada is the most prominent fort located in North Goa.
Which movies were shot at Bandra Fort? ›Ya Jaane Na' and Salman Khan's superhit film 'Wanted' were shot at Bandra Fort. The fort has also been featured in another Bollywood blockbuster 'Dil Chahta Hai' starring Aamir Khan. The fort is owned by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Mumbai.
Which places in Goa was Dear Zindagi shot? ›Dear Zindagi- Goan village, Salvador Do Mundo and Morjim beach.
Which city has most forts? ›The majority of India's forts and palaces are located in Rajasthan, where they were built by clans of warrior Rajput rulers (before being invaded by the Mughals). The Pink City of Jaipur has a particularly large number of them.
Which city has the most number of forts? ›Rajasthan is home to the maximum number of forts.
Which state has most forts? ›
Rajasthan, literally means Raja ka Sthan(Place of King), has most of the mighty forts in India. One of the greatest forts in India is Mehrangarh Fort which is beaded on the land of Jodhpur.
Which state has largest fort in India? ›Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan - Largest Fort in India
Chittorgarh Fort is the biggest fort in India, and also a World Heritage Site. Spread over about 2.8 kms and 400 acres and the highest elevation in the fort is at about 1075 metres.
Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur
This fort stands at an altitude of 410 ft, and boasts for being one of the the biggest in our country. Spread across a vast area of 1200 ac, it has been well-preserved and still stands tall in its full glory.
1. Murud-Janjira – Murud, Maharashtra, India. The Murud-Janjira is a massive island fortress located off the coast of India. The fort is completely surrounded by 40' high walls and 19 rounded bastions.
What is the most famous fort? ›- Fort McHenry -Maryland. This coastal fort was originally constructed in 1798.
- The Alamo -Texas. ...
- Fort Independence -Massachusetts. ...
- Fort Halifax -Maine. ...
- Fort Delaware -Delaware. ...
- Fort Ticonderoga -New York. ...
- Fort Gaines -Alabama. ...
- Fort Sumter -South Carolina. ...
Amer Fort – The 3rd Largest Wall In The World.
What is the oldest standing fort in us? ›Built by the Spanish in St. Augustine to defend Florida and the Atlantic trade route, Castillo de San Marcos National Monument preserves the oldest masonry fortification in the continental United States and interprets more than 450 years of cultural intersections.
Which is the most luxurious fort in India? ›1. Bujera Fort, Udaipur. Tucked up in the Aravalli Hills, just a 20-minute drive from Udaipur in the western state of Rajasthan, lies this luxurious, handsome fort.
Which fort is undefeated in India? ›One of the finest architecture in Rajasthan, the Lohagarh fort or Iron Fort derives its name from the fact that it is one of the strongest castle ever made in history and could never be conquered, not even during the British rule.
What are the two famous fort of India? ›The two most famous forts – the Agra Fort and the Red Fort – are among the UNESCO World Heritage sites in India.
Which is the biggest fort in Asia? ›
Built in the 7th century, Chittorgarh is the largest fort in Asia. Spread over the area of 700 acres, this place has 22 water bodies. Chitrangad Mori of the Maurya dynasty is said to have laid its foundation during the 7th century.
Which is the most red fort in India? ›The Red Fort Complex was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad – the new capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546, with which it forms the Red Fort Complex.